About the authors

Nancy Ezzeddine is a researcher at Clingendael’s Conflict Research Unit. In this role she contributes to the Levant research programme, exploring identity politics and the use of religion as means of political mobilization in the Levant.

Beatrice Noun is former junior researcher at Clingendael’s Conflict Research Unit working on Lebanese and Iraqi protest dynamics.

Photo credits

A mural painted by Roula Abdo on one of the new walls erected in downtown Beirut to block access to the Parliament building
© Abby Sewell/Al Arabiya English