About the authors

Johannes Claes is a Research Fellow with Clingendael’s Conflict Research Unit where he focuses on matters of political economy and governance in the Sahel.

Anna Schmauder is a Junior Researcher at Clingendael’s Conflict Research Unit. In this capacity, she focuses on hybrid governance in peacebuilding contexts and the linkage of migration and security dynamics in the Sahel region.

Photo credits

© Anna Schmauder (May 2019)