About the authors

Alexandre Gomes is a Research Fellow at the Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’ in The Hague, where he is part of the EU and Global Affairs Unit and of the ‘Geopolitics of Technology and Digitalisation’ programme.

Koen Aartsma is Head of the Strategic Foresight and Intelligence Programme and a Senior Research Fellow at Clingendael’s Security Unit. He leads Clingendael’s geopolitical trend analysis, scenario development and horizon scanning. This includes Clingendael’s projects and strategic foresights for the Netherlands’ Ministries of Foreign Affairs and Defence, as well as foresights for the Ministry of Justice and Security.

Maaike Okano-Heijmans is a Senior Research Fellow at the Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’ in The Hague, where she leads the ‘Geopolitics of Technology and Digitalisation’ programme. She is also a Visiting Lecturer in the Master of Science in International Relations and Diplomacy (MIRD) programme at the University of Leiden.

Jelle van den Wijngaard is a Research Fellow at the Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’ in The Hague, where he is part of the EU and Global Affairs Unit and of the ‘Geopolitics of Technology and Digitalisation’ programme.

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