abbala

‘Camel herders’. Term used in Darfur to distinguish northern camel-herding pastoralists from southern cattle-herding (baggara) pastoralists

Jamahiriya

Term coined by Qaddafi, usually translated as ‘state of the masses’ to name the Libyan state during his rule

janjawid

Literally ‘horsemen armed with G3 automatic rifles’. Nickname of the Sudanese government’s Arab proxy militias fighting in Darfur

katiba

Battalion, although sometimes translated as brigade. Term used by various Libyan militias