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  • Cover
  • Acknowledgements
  • Executive summary
  • Abbreviations
  • Actors mentioned in the report
  • Arabic terms
  • Introduction
  • 1.
    Externalisation of border control: regional consequences
  • 2.
    Effects of EU policies in Niger
  • 3.
    Effects of EU policies in Sudan
  • 4.
    Chad, a new hub for migrants and smugglers?
  • Conclusion
  • Research methodology
  • References
  • Colophon
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References
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Altai Consulting. 2018. Migrations mixtes au Tchad, report for UNHCR, January.

Amnesty International. 2013. Egypt/Sudan: refugees and asylum-seekers face brutal treatment, kidnapping for ransom and human trafficking.

Amnesty International. 2018. ‘Niger: More than a hundred Sudanese nationals deported to Libya in critical situation and at risk of serious abuses including torture’, press release, 11 May.

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