We wrote this report to provide the Policy and Operations Evaluation Department (IOB) of the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs with a reference point for assessing the effectiveness of the Dutch ‘Integrated Police Training Mission’ in Kunduz (Afghanistan) in strengthening Afghan civilian police and state justice organisations. The mission was a bilateral contribution to the EUPOL Afghanistan mission and the UN-authorised, NATO-executed, ISAF mission.

In this context, we are thankful to Wendy van der Neut and Wendy Asbeek Brusse (IOB), Dick Zandee (Clingendael Institute), and two anonymous reviewers for their feedback. We are also indebted to Willem van den Berg (formerly with the Clingendael Institute) for his initial contribution.

The literature review underpinning the report was concluded in December 2018 and peer reviewed in February 2019. The contents of the report remain our responsibility.